What is streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: symptoms, risk factors, age, prevention measures, treatment

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), although rare, is a serious complication caused by certain types of infections. Although this illness is often the result of toxins produced by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (staph), it can sometimes be caused by group A streptococcus bacteria (strep).

India Today spoke to Dr Shaarang Sachdev, Senior Consultant and Head of Emergency, Aakash Healthcare, New Delhi to get more information.

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SYMPTOMS AND RISK FACTORS:

TSS caused by streptococci can affect people of any age and is associated with skin sores, surgeries, and the use of tampons and other devices such as menstrual cups, contraceptive sponges, or diaphragms. Those who have recently had strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, or other illnesses caused by group A strep are susceptible to toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as S. pyogenes or streptococcus. group A.

Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome may include sudden high fever, chills, body aches, and other flu-like symptoms. This may be associated with nausea or vomiting, watery diarrhea, a rash that looks like a bad sunburn, or red spots on your skin. Additionally, a person may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting as well as redness in the eyes (conjunctivitis) and throat. Other common symptoms include low blood pressure (hypotension) and peeling skin on the soles of the feet or palms of the hands. Without proper treatment, toxic shock syndrome can progress rapidly and complications can include shock, kidney failure, and sometimes death.

TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT:

Standard treatment for Streptococcus infections often involves the use of antibiotics given intravenously (IV). Toxins already accumulated in your body cannot be removed by antibiotics, although they can help limit the growth of bacteria. Treatment for TSS may include:

• Antibiotics may be used to treat infection in patients with TSS.
• Immunoglobulin is a purified form of donated blood that helps the body defend against infections.
• Oxygen to help the patient breathe.
• Fluids treat dehydration and also prevent organ damage
• Blood pressure regulating medication.
• Dialysis is given to people with kidney failure due to TSS.
• Dead tissue excision surgery. The affected area may sometimes need to be amputated.

PREVENTION:

It is possible to reduce the risk of developing toxic shock syndrome by following a few simple steps. During your menstrual cycle, use sanitary pads instead of tampons, or use pads at night. Switching from tampons to pads every other day or during the thickest part of your menstrual flow can also help reduce your risk. Tampon changes should occur every 4 to 8 hours. Tampons may need to be changed more frequently if the flow is heavy. Additionally, tampons should not be used when you are not on your period.

Additionally, surgical incisions must be kept clean to avoid infection. If you notice unusual warmth, redness, or swelling near the incision, see your healthcare professional. When using diaphragms, sponges, or caps as vaginal contraceptives, follow the directions.

Toxic shock syndrome can recur. People who had it once can have it again. If you’ve ever had a serious staph or strep infection or toxic shock syndrome, avoid using tampons.