Biomimetic hydrodynamic sensor with whisker array architecture and multidirectional perception capability

Mimicking the specialized corrugated surface structure of seal whiskers, the sensor is designed based on 3D self-decoupled displacement detection of centripetally magnetized magnetic film. It can measure the velocity and direction of steady-state flow fields as well as accurately perceive the frequency and orientation of dynamic vortex wakes, avoiding possible sealing problems due to its wireless magnetic penetration characteristics.

Abstract

The rapid development of ocean exploration and underwater robot technology has put forward new requirements for underwater sensing methods, which can be used for hydrodynamic feature perception, underwater target tracking, and even underwater group communication. Here, inspired by the specialized corrugated surface structure of seal whiskers and its ability to suppress vortex-induced vibrations, a multi-directional hydrodynamic sensor based on the biomimetic whisker network structure and 3D magnetic self-decoupling theory is introduced. The magnetic sensing method enables wireless connectivity between magnetic functional structures and electronics, simplifying device design and achieving complete waterproofness. The 3D self-decoupling capability allows the sensor, such as a seal or other organisms, to perceive arbitrary whisker movements caused by the action of water flow without complex calibration or additional sensing units. The whisker sensor is capable of detecting a variety of hydrodynamic information, including speed (RMSE < 0.061 ms⁻¹) and the direction of the steady flow field, the frequency (error < 0.05 Hz) of the dynamic vortex wake and the orientation (error < 7°) of the vortex wake source, demonstrating its vast potential for underwater environment perception and communication, especially in deep sea conditions.