From silent symptoms to survival: why breast cancer must be detected early | Health information

Breast cancer often presents with several key symptoms that should never be ignored. One of the main signs is a painless lump in the breast. Although many may think that cancer is associated with pain, breast lumps, especially those that are painless, can indicate the presence of cancer, especially in women over the age of 35 to 40.

Every case of breast cancer is unique and treatments are tailored to each individual based on a variety of factors. (Maskot/DigitalVision/Getty Images)

New Delhi: Breast cancer is a major health issue. Knowing its signs, symptoms, and the importance of early detection can save lives. Here we explore the essential aspects of breast cancer that everyone should know. Understanding the signs and symptoms of breast cancer, the importance of early detection, and the treatment options available is essential in the fight against this disease. Regular screenings, lifestyle changes, and advances in medical technology all play a vital role in improving outcomes for those affected by breast cancer.

In an interaction with News9Live, Dr Meghal Sanghvi, Oncosurgeon, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, explained how timely diagnosis can be a game changer in the treatment of breast cancer.

Recognize the signs and symptoms

Breast cancer often presents with several key symptoms that should never be ignored. One of the main signs is a painless lump in the breast. While many may think that cancer is associated with pain, breast lumps, especially painless ones, can be a sign of cancer, especially in women over the age of 35 to 40.

Other important symptoms include:

1. Axillary lymph nodes: Swelling or swollen lymph nodes in the armpit may be a sign of breast cancer.
2. Nipple discharge: Any nipple discharge, especially if it is bloodstained, should be investigated by a healthcare professional.
3. Skin changes: Thickening of the skin on the chest or any noticeable change in its texture may be a sign of underlying problems.
4. Nipple inversion: A nipple that was previously turned outward now turns inward can be a worrisome sign.
   Changes in the size or shape of the breasts: Sudden changes in the contour, size or shape of the breasts should result in medical evaluation.

The challenge of awareness and screening

In many countries, including India, there is a lack of awareness about breast cancer. There is a common misconception that cancer is always painful, leading many people to ignore painless tumors. This delay in seeking medical care often results in late diagnosis, making treatment more difficult.

In countries with well-established social security systems, routine screening mammography is common practice, especially for women over 40. However, in India, where people often pay for their health care themselves, routine screening is not as widespread. As a result, many cases are diagnosed at later stages, where treatment is more intensive and outcomes are less favorable.

The importance of early detection

Early detection of breast cancer greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. When detected early, often through routine screening methods such as mammography, survival rates are significantly higher and the treatments required are less invasive.

Therapeutic approaches

Treatment for breast cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage cancers (stages 1 and 2) generally have higher survival rates and may require less intensive treatment than advanced-stage cancers (stages 3 and 4).
For example:

1. Steps 1 and 2: These early stages can be treated with surgery and limited use of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the cancer while preserving the patient’s quality of life.
2. Step 3: Although still curable, stage 3 breast cancer typically requires a combination of treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and possibly immunotherapy. The goal is to effectively manage and control the disease. However, survival rates for stage 3 breast cancer are lower than those for stages 1 and 2, reflecting the more advanced nature of the disease. Patients diagnosed at stage 3 often face more intensive treatment, but with comprehensive care, many can achieve remission.
3. Step 4: At this advanced stage, the cancer has usually spread to other parts of the body and is not considered curable. The goal of treatment in stage 4 is to control the disease and maintain the best possible quality of life for as long as possible. Although survival rates for stage 4 breast cancer are lower, advances in treatment allow patients to live longer, more fulfilling lives even with this diagnosis.

Reduce risk factors

Although some breast cancer risk factors, such as age and genetics, cannot be changed, many lifestyle factors can be managed to reduce risk. These include:

1. Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer.
2. Limit alcohol consumption and avoid smoking: Both have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
3. Regular physical activity: Staying active can help reduce your risk.
4. Reproductive choices: Breastfeeding, having children, and the timing of these events can influence breast cancer risk.
5. Hormonal factors: Early periods (start of menstruation) and late menopause increase the risk. Managing the use of hormonal therapy under medical supervision is essential.

Advances in treatment and quality of life

Modern advances in breast cancer treatment aim not only to cure the disease, but also to improve the quality of life of patients. Innovations include:

1. Chemoports: These devices facilitate the administration of chemotherapy.
2. Scalp Cooling Methods: Used to reduce hair loss during chemotherapy.
3. Advanced radiation machines: These machines minimize the impact on surrounding healthy tissue.
4. Reconstructive surgery: Options are available to restore the appearance of the breast after mastectomy, thereby preserving the patient’s confidence and self-esteem.

Personalized treatment

Each case of breast cancer is unique and treatments are tailored to each individual based on various factors, including the patient’s general health, specific characteristics of the cancer and personal situation. This personalized approach ensures that each patient receives the most effective and appropriate care.