Understanding Glaucoma in Older Adults

Early detection of glaucoma is crucial, so always consult your doctor if you experience eye discomfort or vision problems. (Photo by Envato Elements)

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world after cataracts. Research has shown that about 50% of glaucoma cases worldwide are in the Asian population and in Malaysia itself, the prevalence of this disease is increasing.

People with glaucoma experience damage to the optic nerve due to fluid buildup in the eye. The good news is that early detection and treatment can often protect against serious vision loss.

The main cause of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure, or high pressure inside the eyeball. In most cases, this is due to a buildup of fluid in the front of the eye, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and gradually damages it.

Untreated or poorly managed glaucoma can lead to permanent and irreversible vision loss and blindness.

Three types of glaucoma have been observed in adults: open-angle glaucoma, which is the most common; angle-closure glaucoma; and normal-tension glaucoma. Yes, glaucoma can still occur in people with normal eye pressure!

Several factors can contribute to the development of glaucoma, particularly in older people:

• age: people over 60 are at greater risk of developing glaucoma;
• genetic: a family history of the disease significantly increases the risk;
• medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and sickle cell anemia;
• eye conditions: serious eye injuries, retinal detachment, eye tumors and inflammation can lead to glaucoma;
• prolonged use of corticosteroids: Prolonged use of these medications, especially eye drops, has been associated with increased risk.

Symptoms of glaucoma

Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it usually has no warning signs in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms become more apparent, including:

severe eye pain with red eyes that may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting;

irregular blind spots in peripheral or central vision, often in both eyes;

tunnel vision – narrowing of vision – at an advanced stage;

sudden onset of visual disturbances, including blurred vision and halos around lights.

Regular, comprehensive eye exams are the best way to detect the disease early, which is essential to prevent significant vision loss.

(Photo All about vision)

A thorough glaucoma evaluation includes tests to measure the pressure inside the eye, examine the shape and color of the optic nerve, check the patient’s entire field of vision, and measure corneal thickness, among other things.

These tests help determine not only the presence of glaucoma, but also its type and severity.

Treatment options

Although there is no cure for glaucoma, more severe vision loss can often be stopped by reducing the pressure on the eye. Treatment options include:

• Prescription eye drops: Often the first treatment used, they reduce the buildup of fluid in the front of the eye or increase its outflow, thereby lowering eye pressure.
• Oral medications: When eye drops alone fail to reduce pressure to the desired level, oral medications may be added.
• Laser surgery: Techniques such as trabeculoplasty, iridotomy, and cyclophotocoagulation can help drain fluid from the eye.
• Microsurgery: Trabeculectomy is a procedure in which a new drainage channel is created to relieve intraocular pressure.
• Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery: This is a new category of surgical intervention that aims to reduce eye pressure with fewer risks and faster recovery times compared to traditional surgeries.

Although there is no cure for glaucoma, it is possible to manage symptoms and prevent the disease from getting worse. Management involves regular follow-up appointments to monitor your condition and adjust treatment if necessary.

It can be helpful to follow prescribed treatments and maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet. It is equally important for older patients to seek support, as managing a chronic condition can be emotionally challenging.

In conclusion, it is essential to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options of glaucoma, especially in older adults. Always consult your doctor if you experience vision problems or eye discomfort.

With proper treatment and management, people with glaucoma can maintain their quality of life and preserve their vision.

This article was written for Alpro Pharmacya dedicated community pharmacy committed to providing opportunities, healthcare and advice to anyone who aspires to a better life. Speak to their professional healthcare providers on 019-702 1923.

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