MSc student session 3 - University of Innsbruck – Universität Innsbruck

Seminar of the Microbiology Department

Vanessa Kern – AG Vrabl – University of InnsbruckAlex Schwarz – AG Neuhauser – University of Innsbruck

Nathan Ernster – AG Rodríguez-Rojas – University of Innsbruck

14.11.2024, 11:00 am

Participate online
or in the presence of Seminarraum Biology – Foyer (Technikerstraße 25)

MSc student session 3 – University of Innsbruck – Universität Innsbruck

Summaries

Core: Etablierung eines Screening protocols for antitumor photosensitizers from Talaromyces sp. with Hilfe des OSMAC Ansatzes

Malignant Tumore ends up in one of the most serious diseases. In January 2022, we will soon register 10 Million Krebstodesfälle. The predictions of the Todesfälle are expected to occur in the year 2050. He is a man who is aware of such new substances and therapies, which are credit specific and possibly non-hazardous. The photodynamic therapy proposes a clean therapeutic therapy that provides an effective treatment of credits. The combination of light and one of the photosensitizers used effectively damages the Krebsgeweb. One of the photodynamic therapies is most suitable because the photosensitizers are chemically processed.
Soul this Master-arbeit is a screening protocol for antitumor photosensitizers Talaromyces sp. zu establishments. Dafürden unter Anwendung des OSMAC Ansatzes (one stem, many connections) fünf verschiedene Talaromyces Some types of unhealthy celebrations during unhealthy cultivation spells can be performed with a higher level test and a metabolite that can be performed. I want cultural culture to have an extra dimension. The phototoxicity of the extraction may lead to the creditworthiness of the product being evaluated. This may involve blue light (λ = 478 nm) and a light dose of H = 9.3 J/cm2.
Die Ergebnisse said, that is the Extrakte der Pilze T. islandicus and T. stipitatus a strong photozytotoxic active effect against Zellen der verschiedenen Krebszelllinien aufwiesen (e.g. EC50, 478nm = 0.625 µg/ml against Zellen der Zelllinie T24). The data we have used is one of the possible risks for photozytotoxic screening of a number of species that can cause a medium and cultural stipulation, one of the grundsätzliche photosensitizers that are nachweisen when cooking.
Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass T. islandicus There are highly interesting products that have developed the photochemical potential in the following written sources to put an end to the production of desired metabolites that look high.

Schwarz: Taxonomy and host range of Polymyxa graminis

Polymyxa graminis is an obligate parasite that infects the roots of Poaceae (grasses). Molecular studies are taking place P. graminis within the Plasmodiophorida, an order in the robustly supported class Phytomyxea (Rhizaria). Although P. graminis plays an important role in agriculture as a vector of plant viruses, but the taxonomy within the species remains to be resolved. It is still unclear whether P. graminis one species with multiple ecotypes (formae specialis), or whether it concerns a species complex. The wide range of different hosts and habitats makes it more difficult to apply existing species concepts that focus on host specificity.

In this study, we attempted to resolve these open questions in the species complex of P. graminis. To this end, we systematically collected and tested roots of 29 Poaceae species, sampled along environmental and altitudinal gradients for the presence/absence of P. graminis. We generated 41 rDNA sequences from P. graminis sl. Phylogenetic analyzes of the most comprehensive dataset of Phytomyxea sampled to date resulted in two well-supported clades Polymyxa (including P. graminis f.sp. temperature) and Tetramyxa (incl P. graminis f. sp. tepida). Furthermore, we provide the first report of a plasmodiophorid parasite from Cyperaceae (sedges), which is probably an as yet undescribed species.

More Ernst: Exploring extremophilic prokaryotic community structures and genomic signatures of adaptation

Microorganisms have evolved the ability to inhabit the harshest areas of our planet, including extreme temperatures, high radiation and drying environments. Wind powers the global transport of diverse microbes over long distances, where they play a crucial role in precipitation, ecosystems, human health and our changing climate. Analysis of the complete genetic content of a given environment (i.e., metagenomics) allows comprehensive comparisons of these communities, microbial functions, and the recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represent individual community members. These computational studies can shed light on microbial transport and deposition, as well as on genome-encoded properties of adaptation to extreme environments. Few studies have applied metagenomics to aerobiological and microbial deposition studies, and fewer have taken place in the rapidly changing cryosphere. At the other extreme temperature, hot springs harbor thermophilic (heat-loving) microbes. Microdiversity (diversity within species) in these thermal traits in relation to adaptation and biogeography remains an understudied topic. Here we describe two projects that use metagenomic techniques to investigate the distribution and evolution of extremophile communities. First, metagenomes of water, sediment, and microbial mats from six unstudied Yellowstone National Park hot springs will be analyzed to identify environmental factors that determine microdiversity. These geographically isolated sources are 4 m to 4.6 km apart and have a temperature range of 18-45 °C, yet have a narrow pH range of around 7.5 (+/- 0.25), which is ideal provides parameters to study temperature- and geography-driven evolution. scale within the species. Second, a nine-week time series analysis of surface snow and air particle metagenomes from Summit Station (3200 m, 72° 34′ N) on the Greenland Ice Sheet will investigate atmospheric transport to high latitudes, microbial influence on precipitation, and extremotolerant adaptations (e.g., cold, dehydration and UV tolerance). Recovered MAGs from both analyzes will be screened for signs of adaptation through metabolic predictions, codon biases, and amino acid usage. The results of these studies have the potential to expand our understanding of genome evolution under a wide range of conditions, as well as of microbial distribution across temporal and spatial scales.