「中英」新“香港故事”：港府如何用国家安全展览重塑城市记忆

The Hong Kong Museum of History is the perfect place to understand the city’s transformation from a fishing village to a glittering metropolis. It houses a life-size replica of a traditional fishing boat and a recreation of a 19th-century shop-lined street.

要了解香港从渔村到繁华都市的变迁，香港历史博物馆堪称不二之选。这里有一艘传统渔船的等比例的复制品，还复现了一条19世纪商店林立的街道。

That exhibition, called “The Story of Hong Kong,” is being redeveloped. People are now lining up to visit a new permanent gallery at the museum that tells a different, more ominous story of the city: that Hong Kong is under constant threat from hostile foreign forces. The exhibition features images of omnipresent spies and footage of anti-government street protests in the city, which are described as being instigated by the West.

« »的全新永久展厅, 以及被描述为由西方煽动的反政府街头抗议活动的录像。

At the exhibition’s launch this month, John Lee, Hong Kong’s Beijing-backed leader, made clear that its main aim was to be a warning to the city. “Safeguarding national security is a continuous effort. There is no end point,” he said. The gallery, run by Hong Kong’s national security agency, opened to the public on August 7.

是为香港敲响警钟。« 维护国家安全只有进行时，没有完成时，”他说。该展厅由香港最高国家安全机构管理，于8 7 days ago.

The exhibition highlights a new aspect of the Hong Kong government’s crackdown on the city after anti-government protests in 2019 posed the biggest challenge to Beijing’s rule in decades. Authorities have since introduced security laws to crush dissent and are now seeking to control how people will remember the recent political unrest.

2019. 。

According to the government, the protests were not an organic expression of residents’ democratic aspirations, as the city’s opposition activists have claimed, but part of an ongoing plot by Western forces to destabilize China.

按照政府的说法，抗议活动并非香港反对派活动人士所说的那样，是香港居民民主诉求的有机中国稳定阴谋的一部分。

The national security exhibit opens with a short video highlighting the unjust 19th-century treaties that forced China to cede Hong Kong to the British, as well as the Japanese occupation of the city during World War II. Describing the 2019 protests, the video featured images of protesters throwing Molotov cocktails. “Law and order is gone,” the narrator said. He then credited new national security laws imposed by Beijing during the ensuing crackdown with shifting the trend “from chaos to order.”

不平等条约，以”法纪荡然无存”, “从混乱转向秩序”

The exhibition features damaged shields, helmets and boots used by riot police who quelled the protests. It lists the casualties and damage allegedly inflicted by the protesters: 629 police officers were injured and more than 5,000 Molotov cocktails were thrown by violent protesters.

展览展示了镇压抗议活动的防暴警察使用过的破旧盾牌、头盔和靴子，列出了据称是抗议者造成的伤亡和破坏：629名警察受伤，暴力抗议者投掷了5000多枚燃烧弹。

The poster makes no mention of the tear gas, rubber bullets, pellets and tear gas used by police. The poster does not mention the attack on protesters in a subway station by a mob armed with sticks and poles, nor the slow police response to this violence.

没有提到曾有一群手也没有提到警方对那次暴力事件的缓慢反应。

“One of the goals of this exhibition is to stoke fears of social ‘unrest’ and ‘chaos’ in order to persuade Hong Kongers to embrace the social stability that the Chinese Communist Party claims to offer,” said Kirk Denton, professor emeritus at Ohio State University and author of a book on the politics of history museums in modern China.

俄亥俄州立大学名誉教授邓腾克(Kirk Denton)的恐惧”,说服香港人接受中国共产党声称提供的社会稳定。”书。

Winnie Lu, 61, a Hong Kong resident who works in retail and was visiting the museum on a recent weekday, said the exhibit reminded her of how difficult it was for her to get to work during the protests, when demonstrators blocked roads and paralyzed the subway. “Without national security, how can ordinary people live a good life?” she asked.

61岁的香港居民温妮·卢（音）从事销售工作，她在最近的一个工作日参观了这个博物馆。她她说。

In many ways, the national security exhibition appears to be inspired by the Chinese government’s strategy after the Chinese military’s brutal suppression of the Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement in 1989 left a sense of widespread disillusionment. In the months and years that followed, the authorities conducted an intensive patriotic education campaign in mainland China, portraying Japan as the enemy of the Chinese people and the Communist Party as the sole engine of progress in Chinese history.

这次国家安全展像是从1989年中国军方残酷镇压天安门广场民主运动后政府制定的策略中摘取了一页。在天安门事件后把日本塑造成中国人民的敌人，把共产党塑造成推动中国历史步的一动力。

Rowena Il, a senior researcher at the University of Texas, Austin, and a historian of the Tiananmen massacre who taught in Hong Kong, She said the new national security exhibit is part of a broader campaign of “manipulation of history” by Beijing following the Tiananmen crackdown. Chinese leaders want to “engrave the official narrative of history into national memory, emphasizing China’s victim status at the hands of the West and Japan.”

得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校高级研究员、曾在香港任教的天安门大屠杀历史学家何晓清说，有关国家安全的新展览是北京在天安门镇压事件”后更广泛的”历史操纵”运动的一部分。她说，中国领导层希望将”官方对历史的描述印入国民记忆，强调中国是西方和日本的受害者”

In the name of patriotic education, the Hong Kong government has also transformed the Coastal Defence Museum, a historical military museum centered on the half-destroyed British fortifications, into a memorial to China’s war against Japan during World War II. It will rename it the Hong Kong War of Resistance and Coastal Defence Museum, referring to the war with China’s phrase: “The Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.” The government also plans to build a museum dedicated to China’s achievements, the history of the Communist Party and the founding of the People’s Republic.

香港政府以爱国主义教育的名义将它改造成二战期间中日战争的纪念馆.抗战及海防博物馆，以中国使用的措辞« 中国人民抗日战争»立一个博物馆，重点展示中国的成就、共产党的历史和中华人民共和国的成立。

The new national security exhibit adds to broader concerns about the chilling effect of China’s crackdown on opposition, which has led to the arrest of dozens of veteran democracy activists on national security charges. Public libraries have removed books associated with local pro-democracy figures or movements. Rallies to commemorate victims of the 1989 Tiananmen massacre in Beijing have been banned, and a sculpture that served as a memorial to it has been removed. Academics are also under pressure; Ms. He, a Canadian citizen, was recently denied a visa to return to her job as an associate professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

公共图书馆撤下了与当地亲关的书籍。缅怀1989一座纪念天安门大屠杀的雕塑被拆无法返回香港中文大学担任副教授。

Some Hong Kongers are concerned about what they see as the government’s attempt to rewrite the past. When the Museum of History’s permanent exhibition, “The Hong Kong Story,” closed for renovation in 2020, visitors packed the gallery, fearing that authorities would use the planned renovation to erase the city’s colonial history and its references to the annual candlelight vigils commemorating the Tiananmen victims, now considered sensitive.

一些香港人一直感到担心。当历史博物馆的常设展览« 港故事 » 2020 News去这座城市的殖民历史，Chinese:为是敏感的。

Experts say the history museum’s exhibition is aimed at bringing Hong Kong closer to Chinese history. Authorities have also organized patriotic study tours to mainland China and overhauled the school curriculum to counter the rise of a local identity distinct from that of the mainland.

专家表示，历史博物馆的展览试图将香港与中国历史更紧密地联系在一起。当局还组织前往中国大陆的爱国游学团，并修改了学校的课程，以应对与大陆不同的本地身份认同的抬头。

Some of the new exhibits at the national security exhibition look a lot like those found at similarly themed mainland museums. A floor-to-ceiling Chinese flag hangs on crimson walls. Next to it is a 13-foot-long replica of an oil painting of Mao Zedong proclaiming the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 in Tiananmen Square.

一面从天花板垂到地面的中国国旗悬挂在深红色的墙壁上。旁边是一幅约四米长的油画复制品，描绘的是1949年毛泽东在天安门广场宣布中华人民共和国成立时的情景。