South Korea will consider supplying weapons to Ukraine after the signing of a strategic agreement between Russia and North Korea.

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — South Korea said Thursday it would consider sending weapons to Ukraine, a major policy shift suggested after Russia and North Korea roiled the region and beyond by signing a pact to defend each other in the event of war.

The comments from a senior presidential official come hours after North Korean state media published details of the deal, which observers say could mark the strongest bond between Moscow and Pyongyang since the end of the Cold War. It comes at a time when Russia faces increasing isolation due to the war in Ukraine and both countries face growing clashes with the West.

According to the text of the agreement published by North Korea’s official KCNA news agency, if one country is invaded and pushed into a state of war, the other must deploy “all means at its disposal without delay.” ” to provide “military and other assistance. But the agreement also states that such actions must comply with the laws of both countries and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, which recognizes a U.N. member state’s right to self-defense.

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the agreement at a summit in Pyongyang on Wednesday. Both described it as a major improvement in bilateral relations, covering security, trade, investment, cultural and humanitarian ties.

South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol’s office issued a statement condemning the deal, calling it a threat to his country’s security and a violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions, and warned that it would have negative consequences for Seoul’s relations with Moscow.

“It is absurd that two parties with a history of launching wars of invasion – the Korean War and the War in Ukraine – are now committing to mutual military cooperation on the basis of a pre-emptive attack by the international community which will never happen,” Yoon’s office said. .

At the United Nations in New York, South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Tae-yul called it “deplorable” that Russia is acting in violation of multiple U.N. sanctions resolutions against North Korea for which Moscow voted.

Yoon’s national security adviser Chang Ho-jin said Seoul would reconsider providing weapons to Ukraine to help the country fight Russia’s large-scale invasion.

South Korea, a growing arms exporter with a well-equipped, U.S.-backed military, has provided humanitarian aid and other support to Ukraine, while joining the economic sanctions carried out by the United States against Moscow. But it has not directly supplied weapons to kyiv, citing a long-standing policy of not supplying weapons to countries actively engaged in conflict.

Speaking to reporters in Hanoi, where he visited after Pyongyang, Putin said Thursday that supplying weapons to Ukraine would be “a very big mistake” for South Korea. If that happens, Putin said it would lead to “decisions that are unlikely to please South Korea’s current leadership.”

He said South Korea “should not worry” about the deal if Seoul is not planning any aggression against Pyongyang.

Asked whether Ukrainian strikes against Russian regions with Western-supplied weapons could be considered an act of aggression, Putin replied that “this needs to be further studied, but it is close” and that Moscow does not rule out supplying weapons to the North. Korea in response.

A number of NATO allies, including the United States and Germany, have recently authorized Ukraine to strike certain targets on Russian soil with the long-range weapons they supply to kyiv. Earlier this month, a Western official and a U.S. senator said Ukraine had used U.S. weapons to strike inside Russia.

Putin responded that Moscow “reserves the right” to arm Western adversaries, and reiterated that notion on Thursday.

“I have said, including in Pyongyang, that in this case we reserve the right to supply weapons to other regions of the world,” he said. “Bearing in mind our agreements with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, I do not rule out this possibility.”

The summit between Kim and Putin came as the United States and its allies expressed growing concern over a possible arms deal in which Pyongyang would supply Moscow with much-needed munitions for the war in Ukraine, in exchange for economic assistance and technology transfers that could increase the threat posed. by Kim’s nuclear weapons and missile program.

After their summit, Kim said the two countries enjoyed an “ardent friendship” and that the agreement was the “strongest treaty ever signed”, elevating the relationship to the level of an alliance. He pledged full support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Putin called it a “revolutionary document,” reflecting the common desire to raise relations to a higher level.

North Korea and the former Soviet Union signed a treaty in 1961 that experts said required military intervention by Moscow if the North was attacked. The deal was abandoned after the collapse of the USSR, replaced by a deal in 2000 that offered weaker security guarantees.

There is an ongoing debate over the strength of the security commitment implied by the agreement. While some analysts view the agreement as a complete restoration of the two countries’ Cold War-era alliance, others say the deal appears more symbolic than substantive.

Ankit Panda, a senior analyst at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said the text appeared to have been carefully crafted so as not to imply automatic military intervention.

But “the big picture here is that both sides are ready to put it on paper and show the world how much they intend to expand the scope of their cooperation,” he said.

The deal came as Putin visited North Korea for the first time in nearly a quarter century, a trip that showcased their personal and geopolitical ties. Kim hugged Putin twice at the airport, their motorcade rolling past giant Russian flags and portraits of Putin, before a welcome ceremony in Pyongyang’s main square attended by what appeared to be dozens of thousands of spectators.

According to KCNA, the agreement also stipulates that Pyongyang and Moscow must not enter into agreements with third parties if they harm the “fundamental interests” of either of them and must not participate in actions that threaten these interests.

KCNA said the agreement requires countries to take steps to prepare joint measures with the aim of strengthening their defense capabilities to prevent war and protect regional and global peace and security. The agency did not specify what those measures were, or whether they would include combined military training and other forms of cooperation.

The agreement also calls on countries to actively cooperate in efforts to establish a “just and multipolar new world order”, KCNA said, underscoring how countries are aligned in the face of their separate confrontations with the United States.

How the deal affects Russia’s relationship with South Korea is a key development to watch, said Jenny Town, a senior fellow at the Stimson Center in Washington and director of the North Korea-focused website 38 North.

“Seoul had already signed sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine, which deteriorated its relations with Moscow. Now that all ambiguity over the partnership between Russia and North Korea has been resolved, what will Seoul’s reaction be? she says. “Is there a moment when it decides to cut or suspend diplomatic relations with Russia or to expel its ambassador? And have we achieved it?

Kim has made Russia his priority in recent months as he advocates a foreign policy aimed at expanding relations with countries confronting Washington, embracing the idea of ​​a “new Cold War” and trying to display a united front in Putin’s broader conflicts with the West.

Tensions on the Korean Peninsula are at their highest level in years, with the pace of Kim’s weapons tests and combined military exercises involving the United States, South Korea and Japan escalating in a cycle of retaliation.

The Koreas also engaged in Cold War-style psychological warfare, in which North Korea launched tons of trash at South Korea with balloons and Seoul spread anti-North Korean propaganda with its high -speakers.

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Edith M. Lederer contributed to this United Nations report.