A silent threat to kidney health in Ghana

Yakubu Adam is the writer

In recent years, the use of skin-bleaching creams has increased in Ghana, driven by social pressures and perceptions of beauty that favour lighter skin tones. While the aesthetic appeal of these products is often highlighted, the health risks they pose are greatly understated. Among the most worrisome dangers is the risk of kidney disease or failure.

This article explores how whitening creams can put kidney health at risk, backed by scientific research and expert advice.

The composition of bleaching creams:

Bleaching creams usually contain various chemicals, the most common and harmful of which are hydroquinone, corticosteroids, and mercury compounds. These ingredients are effective in reducing melanin production, but prolonged use can lead to serious health problems.

Hydroquinone: This chemical is often used for its skin lightening properties, but it can cause ochronosis (a blue-black discoloration of the skin) and is associated with a range of systemic effects.

Corticosteroids: Often included to reduce inflammation and lighten skin, they can cause skin thinning and systemic absorption, leading to endocrine disruption.

Mercury: A toxic heavy metal, mercury, can build up in the body over time, leading to serious health consequences.

The Link Between Bleaching Creams and Kidney Health:

Mercury poisoning:

Kidney injury: Research has consistently shown that mercury exposure is linked to nephrotoxicity, which damages the kidneys and impairs their ability to effectively filter blood.

Chronic exposure to mercury can lead to glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, two serious kidney diseases, according to a study published in the Journal of Environmental and Public Health.

Bioaccumulation: Mercury accumulates in the kidneys, causing oxidative stress and cell damage. The persistence of this heavy metal in the body makes even low-dose exposure potentially dangerous.

Hydroquinone and corticosteroids:

Systemic absorption: Hydroquinone and corticosteroids can be absorbed through the skin and enter the bloodstream. Prolonged exposure can result in systemic toxicity. A study published in the International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease highlighted that corticosteroids, when absorbed systemically, can disrupt renal function by altering electrolyte balance and
causing high blood pressure which puts a strain on the kidneys.

Regulations and quality control:

Lack of regulation: In many developing countries, including Ghana, cosmetic product regulation is inadequate. This lack of oversight means that harmful chemicals can be present at concentrations well above safe levels. Ghana’s Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) has regularly banned certain products, but enforcement remains uneven.

Public health implications:

The widespread use of bleaching creams poses a significant public health risk. Kidney disease is already a growing concern in Ghana, with limited access to dialysis and transplant services compounding the problem. The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is expected to increase if the use of harmful skin bleaching products continues unchecked.

Educate and protect the public:

Awareness campaigns:

It is essential to inform the public about the risks associated with bleaching creams. Campaigns should emphasize the potential serious health consequences, including kidney damage.

Stricter regulations:

Strengthening regulations and strict enforcement can help reduce the availability of harmful products. The FDA should strengthen its oversight and conduct regular market surveys to ensure compliance with regulations.

Promoting natural beauty:

Cultural shifts that promote acceptance of natural skin tones may reduce the demand for skin lightening products. Influencers and public health advocates can play a key role in changing perceptions.

In conclusion, the use of bleaching creams in Ghana is not just a cosmetic issue, but a major public health problem with potentially serious consequences for kidney health. By increasing awareness, enforcing regulations and promoting natural beauty, we can protect individuals from the hidden dangers lurking in these seemingly harmless products.